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1.
Cir Pediatr ; 36(4): 159-164, 2023 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37818897

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze whether patients undergoing esophageal atresia (EA) surgery benefit from a cross-disciplinary follow-up program, based on current clinical guidelines, implemented in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, analytical, retrospective study of patients undergoing EA surgery from 2012 to 2022 was carried out. The results of a joint pediatric surgery and gastroenterology consultation program -which was implemented in 2018 and applies a protocol based on the new ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN guidelines- were analyzed. Patients were divided according to whether they had been treated before or after 2018. Quantitative variables -follow-up losses, anti-reflux treatment initiation and duration, and enteral nutrition initiation- and qualitative variables -prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux, anti-reflux surgery, respiratory infections, anastomotic stenosis, re-fistulizations, dysphagia, impaction episodes, need for gastrostomy, and endoscopic results- were compared. RESULTS: 38 patients were included. 63.2% had gastroesophageal reflux. 97.4% received anti-reflux treatment in the first year of life, with treatment being subsequently discontinued in 47.4%. Discontinuation time decreased by a mean of 24 months following program implementation (p< 0.05). A 4.6-fold increase in the frequency of pH-metries was noted following program implementation. The protocol standardized endoscopies in asymptomatic patients when they turn 5 and 10 years old. 25 endoscopies with biopsy were carried out after 2018, with histological disorders being detected in 28% of them. The number of follow-up losses significantly decreased following protocol implementation (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Digestive-surgical cross-disciplinary follow-up of EA patients has a positive impact on patient progression. Applying the guidelines helps optimize treatment and early diagnosis of complications.


OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si los pacientes intervenidos de atresia de esófago (AE) se benefician de un programa de seguimiento multidisciplinar, basado en las guías clínicas actuales, implantado en nuestro centro. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico incluyendo los pacientes intervenidos de AE entre 2012 y 2022. Se analizaron los resultados de la implantación en 2018 de un programa de consultas conjuntas de gastroenterología y cirugía pediátrica aplicando un protocolo basado en las nuevas guías ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN. Se dividieron a los pacientes tratados antes y después de 2018 y se compararon las variables cuantitativas: pérdidas de seguimiento, inicio y duración del tratamiento antirreflujo e inicio de nutrición enteral, y cualitativas: prevalencia de reflujo gastroesfoágico, realización de cirugía antirreflujo, infecciones respiratorias, estenosis de la anastomosis, refistulizaciones, disfagia, episodios de impactación, necesidad de gastrostomía y resultados de las endoscopias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes. Un 63,2% presentaron reflujo gastroesofágico. El 97,4% tomaron tratamiento antirreflujo el primer año de vida que posteriormente se retiró en el 47,4%. El tiempo de retirada se redujo una media de 24 meses tras la aplicación del programa (p< 0,05). Se realizaron 4,6 veces más pHmetrías tras la implantación del programa. El protocolo estandarizó la realización de endoscopias en pacientes asintomáticos al cumplir 5 y 10 años. Se realizaron 25 endoscopias con tomas de biopsia después de 2018, detectando alteraciones histológicas en un 28%. El número de pérdidas de seguimiento se redujo de forma significativa tras la implantación del protocolo (p< 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: El seguimiento multidisciplinar digestivo-quirúrgico de los pacientes con AE genera un impacto positivo en su evolución. La aplicación de las guías facilita la optimización del tratamiento y el diagnóstico precoz de las complicaciones.


Assuntos
Atresia Esofágica , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Fístula Traqueoesofágica , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Atresia Esofágica/diagnóstico , Atresia Esofágica/cirurgia , Atresia Esofágica/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/cirurgia , Gastrostomia/efeitos adversos
2.
Cir Pediatr ; 34(3): 138-142, 2021 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34254752

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Congenital paraesophageal hernia (CPH) is a rare pathology in pediatric patients. Clinical signs may occur as early as in newborns, which means it requires early surgical repair. CLINICAL CASES: This is a series of three patients under 1 year of age diagnosed with type IV CPH - with symptoms occurring since they were newborns - who underwent laparoscopic surgical repair. One patient had been diagnosed prenatally. Age at surgery was 6 days, 36 days, and 9 months, respectively. Weight at surgery was 3.60 kg, 3.79 kg, and 8.20 kg, respectively. The patients underwent laparoscopy, with removal of the hernia sac, closure of the diaphragmatic pillars, placement of a reinforcement absorbable mesh, and Nissen fundoplication. Mean operating time was 130 minutes. No intraoperative complications were recorded. One patient developed a sliding hernia, which was subsequently repaired without complications. Mean follow-up time was 24 months.


INTRODUCCION: Las hernias paraesofágicas congénitas (HPC) son una patología poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Pueden presentar clínica desde la época neonatal precisando una reparación quirúrgica temprana. CASOS CLINICOS: Presentamos 3 casos diagnosticados de HPC tipo IV en pacientes menores de 1 año, que presentaron síntomas desde la época neonatal, en los que se ha realizado reparación quirúrgica laparoscópica. Un paciente presentaba diagnóstico prenatal. La edad en el momento de la cirugía fue 6 días, 36 días y 9 meses. El peso en el momento de la cirugía fue de 3,60 kg, 3,79 kg y 8,20 kg. Los pacientes fueron intervenidos por laparoscopia realizando excisión del saco herniario, cierre de pilares diafragmáticos, colocación de malla reabsorbible de refuerzo y una funduplicatura Nissen. El tiempo medio de cirugía fue de 130 minutos. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. Un paciente presentó una hernia de deslizamiento que se reparó posteriormente sin complicaciones. El tiempo medio de seguimiento es de 24 meses.


Assuntos
Hérnia Hiatal , Laparoscopia , Criança , Diafragma , Fundoplicatura , Hérnia Hiatal/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Complicações Intraoperatórias
3.
Cir. pediátr ; 34(3): 138-142, Jul. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216756

RESUMO

Introducción: Las hernias paraesofágicas congénitas (HPC) sonuna patología poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Pueden presentarclínica desde la época neonatal precisando una reparación quirúrgicatemprana. Casos clínicos: Presentamos 3 casos diagnosticados de HPC tipoIV en pacientes menores de 1 año, que presentaron síntomas desdela época neonatal, en los que se ha realizado reparación quirúrgicalaparoscópica. Un paciente presentaba diagnóstico prenatal. La edaden el momento de la cirugía fue 6 días, 36 días y 9 meses. El pesoen el momento de la cirugía fue de 3,60 kg, 3,79 kg y 8,20 kg. Lospacientes fueron intervenidos por laparoscopia realizando excisión delsaco herniario, cierre de pilares diafragmáticos, colocación de mallareabsorbible de refuerzo y una funduplicatura Nissen. El tiempo mediode cirugía fue de 130 minutos. No hubo complicaciones intraoperato-rias. Un paciente presentó una hernia de deslizamiento que se reparóposteriormente sin complicaciones. El tiempo medio de seguimientoes de 24 meses.(AU)


Introduction: Congenital paraesophageal hernia (CPH) is a rarepathology in pediatric patients. Clinical signs may occur as early as innewborns, which means it requires early surgical repair. Clinical cases: This is a series of three patients under 1 year of agediagnosed with type IV CPH – with symptoms occurring since they werenewborns – who underwent laparoscopic surgical repair. One patient hadbeen diagnosed prenatally. Age at surgery was 6 days, 36 days, and 9months, respectively. Weight at surgery was 3.60 kg, 3.79 kg, and 8.20kg, respectively. The patients underwent laparoscopy, with removal ofthe hernia sac, closure of the diaphragmatic pillars, placement of a rein-forcement absorbable mesh, and Nissen fundoplication. Mean operatingtime was 130 minutes. No intraoperative complications were recorded. One patient developed a sliding hernia, which was subsequently repairedwithout complications. Mean follow-up time was 24 months.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Laparoscopia , Hérnia Hiatal , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Cirurgia Geral , Pediatria
4.
AIDS Care ; 33(sup1): 1-10, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33627006

RESUMO

HIV remains elevated among female sex workers (FSW) globally, with a number of structural (e.g., poverty, access to care) factors driving these persistently high rates. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a user-controlled prevention method, is a promising means of empowering vulnerable populations to protect themselves and enhance agency. Yet there is a dearth of PrEP research and interventions targeting cisgender women in the United States, and even fewer aimed to reach FSW. We developed and implemented a multifaceted PrEP pilot intervention, the Promoting Empowerment And Risk Reduction (PEARL) study, to meet this gap. This paper describes the development process and nature of a community-informed intervention for tenofovir/emticitrabine (TDF/FTC) pre-exposure prophylaxis engagement among street-based cisgender FSW in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. In the course of the study's implementation, structural, programmatic, and medical barriers have already posed significant barriers to full engagement. PEARL implemented a number of strategies in an effort to counter barriers and facilitate increased success of PrEP uptake and maintenance. The study will provide critical insights into the nature of intervention components that could help FSW to initiate PrEP and reduce PrEP care cascade gaps.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição/estatística & dados numéricos , Profissionais do Sexo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Baltimore , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Profissionais do Sexo/psicologia
5.
Cir Pediatr ; 34(1): 9-14, 2021 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33507638

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Even though thyroid surgery is rare in pediatric patients, frequency has increased in the last years. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes and results of these procedures in a pediatric surgical facility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including all patients requiring thyroid surgery in our department from 2000 to 2019. Demographic data, diagnostic data, associated pathology, type of surgical procedure, pathological results, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: 47 patients with a mean age of 8.9 ± 3.9 years at surgery were included. The most frequent diagnosis was MEN syndrome (n = 30, 29 MEN 2A and 1 MEN 2B), followed by thyroid papillary carcinoma (n = 5), follicular adenoma (n = 5), multinodular goiter (n = 4), follicular carcinoma (n = 1), thyroglossal duct papillary carcinoma (n = 1), and Graves-Basedow syndrome (n = 1). 38 total thyroidectomies (73.7% of which were prophylactic), 3 double hemithyroidectomies, 5 hemithyroidectomies, and 5 lymphadenectomies were performed. No intraoperative complications or recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions were noted. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.3 ± 0.6 days. 7 patients had transitory asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism, and 1 patient had persistent symptomatic hypoparathyroidism. Pathological results of prophylactic thyroidectomies were: 18 C cell hyperplasias, 7 microcarcinomas, and 3 cases without histopathological disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid surgery in pediatric patients is safe if performed by specialized personnel. Even though it remains rare, frequency has increased in the last years.


OBJETIVO: La cirugía tiroidea es poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica, aunque ha aumentado su frecuencia en los últimos años. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las causas y los resultados de estos procedimientos en un centro quirúrgico pediátrico. METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes que necesitaron cirugía tiroidea en nuestro servicio entre 2000-2019. Se recogieron datos demográficos, diagnóstico, patología asociada, tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico realizado, resultados anatomopatológicos y complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 47 pacientes con una edad media en el momento de la intervención de 8,9 ± 3,9 años. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue síndrome MEN2 (n = 30, 29 MEN2A y 1 MEN2B), seguido de carcinoma papilar de tiroides (n = 5), adenoma folicular (n = 5), bocio multinodular (n = 4), carcinoma folicular (n = 1), carcinoma papilar del conducto tirogloso (n = 1) y síndrome de Graves-Basedow (n = 1). Se realizaron 38 tiroidectomías totales (el 73,7% fueron profilácticas), tres dobles hemitiroidectomías, cinco hemitiroidectomías y en cinco casos fue necesario realizar una linfadenectomía. No se presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias ni lesiones de nervio laríngeo recurrente. La estancia media posoperatoria fue de 1,3 ± 0,6 días. Siete pacientes presentaron hipoparatiroidismo transitorio asintomático y en un caso, persistente sintomático. Los resultados anatomopatológicos de las tiroidectomías profilácticas fueron: 18 hiperplasias de células C, 7 microcarcinomas y 3 sin alteraciones histopatológicas. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía tiroidea en la edad pediátrica es segura en manos de equipos especializados. Aunque sigue siendo un procedimiento poco habitual, su frecuencia está aumentando en los últimos años.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Papilar , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Carcinoma Papilar/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia
6.
Cir. pediátr ; 34(1): 9-14, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201774

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: La cirugía tiroidea es poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica, aunque ha aumentado su frecuencia en los últimos años. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las causas y los resultados de estos procedimientos en un centro quirúrgico pediátrico. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes que necesitaron cirugía tiroidea en nuestro servicio entre 2000-2019. Se recogieron datos demográficos, diagnóstico, patología asociada, tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico realizado, resultados anatomopatológicos y complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 47 pacientes con una edad media en el momento de la intervención de 8,9 ± 3,9 años. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue síndrome MEN2 (n = 30, 29 MEN2A y 1 MEN2B), seguido de carcinoma papilar de tiroides (n = 5), adenoma folicular (n = 5), bocio multinodular (n = 4), carcinoma folicular (n = 1), carcinoma papilar del conducto tirogloso (n = 1) y síndrome de Graves-Basedow (n = 1). Se realizaron 38 tiroidectomías totales (el 73,7% fueron profilácticas), tres dobles hemitiroidectomías, cinco hemitiroidectomías y en cinco casos fue necesario realizar una linfadenectomía. No se presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias ni lesiones de nervio laríngeo recurrente. La estancia media posoperatoria fue de 1,3 ± 0,6 días. Siete pacientes presentaron hipoparatiroidismo transitorio asintomático y en un caso, persistente sintomático. Los resultados anatomopatológicos de las tiroidectomías profilácticas fueron: 18 hiperplasias de células C, 7 microcarcinomas y 3 sin alteraciones histopatológicas. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía tiroidea en la edad pediátrica es segura en manos de equipos especializados. Aunque sigue siendo un procedimiento poco habitual, su frecuencia está aumentando en los últimos años


OBJECTIVE: Even though thyroid surgery is rare in pediatric patients, frequency has increased in the last years. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes and results of these procedures in a pediatric surgical facility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including all patients requiring thyroid surgery in our department from 2000 to 2019. Demographic data, diagnostic data, associated pathology, type of surgical procedure, pathological results, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: 47 patients with a mean age of 8.9 ± 3.9 years at surgery were included. The most frequent diagnosis was MEN syndrome (n = 30, 29 MEN 2A and 1 MEN 2B), followed by thyroid papillary carcinoma (n = 5), follicular adenoma (n = 5), multinodular goiter (n = 4), follicular carcinoma (n = 1), thyroglossal duct papillary carcinoma (n = 1), and Graves-Basedow syndrome (n = 1). 38 total thyroidectomies (73.7% of which were prophylactic), 3 double hemithyroidectomies, 5 hemithyroidectomies, and 5 lymphadenectomies were performed. No intraoperative complications or recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions were noted. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.3 ± 0.6 days. 7 patients had transitory asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism, and 1 patient had persistent symptomatic hypoparathyroidism. Pathological results of prophylactic thyroidectomies were: 18 C cell hyperplasias, 7 microcarcinomas, and 3 cases without histopathological disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid surgery in pediatric patients is safe if performed by specialized personnel. Even though it remains rare, frequency has increased in the last years


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/cirurgia , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Profiláticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Cir Pediatr ; 33(3): 119-124, 2020 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32657095

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic stricture is the most common complication following esophageal atresia (EA) surgical repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate Anastomotic Stricture Index (ASI: relationship between pouch and stricture diameters in the postoperative esophagram) as a predictor of the need for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing EA repair in our healthcare facility from 2009 to 2017 was designed. Proximal pouch ASI (proximal ASI) and distal pouch ASI (distal ASI) in the first and second postoperative esophagram were calculated, and correlation with the number of esophageal dilatations required was studied. For statistical analysis purposes, Spearman's correlation test and ROC curves were used. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients included, 21 (67.7%) required esophageal dilatation, and 11 (35.5%) required 3 or more dilatations. The relationship between ASIs in the first esophagram and the need for esophageal dilatation was not statistically significant (p >0.05). The relationship between proximal ASI (RHO = 0.84, p <0.05) and the number of dilatations in the second esophagram was statistically significant. None of the patients with <0.55 proximal ASI required dilatation; patients with 0.55-0.79 proximal ASI required less than 3 dilatations; and patients with >0.79 proximal ASI had a high risk of requiring 3 or more dilatations. CONCLUSION: According to our study, measuring ASI in the second esophagram proves useful in predicting EA patients' postoperative management, especially when it comes to identifying patients with lower risk of undergoing multiple dilatations.


INTRODUCCION: La estenosis esofágica es la complicación más frecuente tras la corrección de la atresia esofágica (AE). El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de los Índices de estenosis de la anastomosis (IEA: relación entre los diámetros de los bolsones y de la estenosis en el esofagograma postoperatorio) como predictores de la necesidad de dilatación esofágica. METODOS: Se diseña un estudio retrospectivo incluyendo los pacientes con AE y anastomosis esofágica en nuestro centro entre 2009-2017, calculando los IEA del bolsón proximal (IEA-proximal) y distal (IEA-distal) en el primer y segundo esofagograma postoperatorio, analizando su correlación con el número de dilataciones esofágicas que necesitaron. Para el análisis estadístico, se ha empleado el test de correlación de Spearman y las curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes: 21 precisaron dilatación esofágica (67%), y 11 de ellos (35%) 3 o más dilataciones. No se demostró relación estadísticamente significativa entre los IEA del primer esofagograma con la necesidad de dilatación esofágica (p >0,05). Se observó una relación entre el IEA-proximal (rho = 0,84, p <0,05) y el número de dilataciones en el segundo esofagograma. Ningún paciente con ASI-proximal <0,55 necesitó dilatación; los pacientes con ASI-proximal entre 0,55-0,79 precisaron menos de 3 dilataciones y los pacientes con ASI-proximal >0,79 presentaron alto riesgo de necesitar 3 o más dilataciones. CONCLUSION: Según los resultados de nuestro estudio, la medición de IEA en el segundo esofagograma constituye una herramienta útil para predecir el manejo postoperatorio en pacientes con AE, especialmente en la identificación de aquellos con menor riesgo de someterse a múltiples dilataciones.


Assuntos
Atresia Esofágica/cirurgia , Estenose Esofágica/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Dilatação/métodos , Estenose Esofágica/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Cir. pediátr ; 33(3): 119-124, jul. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193553

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La estenosis esofágica es la complicación más frecuente tras la corrección de la atresia esofágica (AE). El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de los índices de estenosis de la anastomosis (IEA: relación entre los diámetros de los bolsones y de la estenosis en el esofagograma posoperatorio) como predictores de la necesidad de dilatación esofágica. MÉTODOS: Se diseña un estudio retrospectivo incluyendo los pacientes con AE y anastomosis esofágica en nuestro centro entre 2009-2017, calculando los IEA del bolsón proximal (IEA-proximal) y distal (IEA-distal) en el primer y segundo esofagograma posoperatorio, analizando su correlación con el número de dilataciones esofágicas que necesitaron. Para el análisis estadístico se ha empleado el test de correlación de Spearman y las curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes: 21 precisaron dilatación esofágica (67%) y 11 de ellos (35%) 3 o más dilataciones. No se demostró relación estadísticamente significativa entre los IEA del primer esofagograma con la necesidad de dilatación esofágica (p > 0,05). Se observó una relación entre el IEA-proximal (rho = 0,84, p < 0,05) y el número de dilataciones en el segundo esofagograma. Ningún paciente con ASI-proximal < 0,55 necesitó dilatación; los pacientes con ASI-proximal entre 0,55-0,79 precisaron menos de 3 dilataciones y los pacientes con ASI-proximal > 0,79 presentaron alto riesgo de necesitar 3 o más dilataciones. CONCLUSIÓN: Según los resultados de nuestro estudio, la medición de IEA en el segundo esofagograma constituye una herramienta útil para predecir el manejo posoperatorio en pacientes con AE, especialmente en la identificación de aquellos con menor riesgo de someterse a múltiples dilataciones


INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic stricture is the most common complication following esophageal atresia (EA) surgical repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate Anastomotic Stricture Index (ASI: relationship between pouch and stricture diameters in the postoperative esophagram) as a predictor of the need for esophageal dilatation. Methods. A retrospective review of all patients undergoing EA repair in our healthcare facility from 2009 to 2017 was designed. Proximal pouch ASI (proximal ASI) and distal pouch ASI (distal ASI) in the first and second postoperative esophagram were calculated, and correlation with the number of esophageal dilatations required was studied. For statistical analysis purposes, Spearman's correlation test and ROC curves were used. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients included, 21 (67.7%) required esophageal dilatation, and 11 (35.5%) required 3 or more dilatations. The relationship between ASIs in the first esophagram and the need for esophageal dilatation was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The relationship between proximal ASI (RHO = 0.84, p < 0.05) and the number of dilatations in the second esophagram was statistically significant. None of the patients with < 0.55 proximal ASI required dilatation; patients with 0.55-0.79 proximal ASI required less than 3 dilatations; and patients with > 0.79 proximal ASI had a high risk of requiring 3 or more dilatations. CONCLUSION: According to our study, measuring ASI in the second esophagram proves useful in predicting EA patients' postoperative management, especially when it comes to identifying patients with lower risk of undergoing multiple dilatations


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Feminino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Atresia Esofágica/cirurgia , Estenose Esofágica/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROC , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Toracotomia
9.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 94(2): 85-89, feb. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180370

RESUMO

Paciente de 66 años en seguimiento por retinopatía diabética refractaria a múltiples modalidades de tratamiento a pesar del buen control metabólico que refiere pérdida de peso progresiva. Por este motivo se decide realizar un estudio sistémico, detectándose anemia, elevación de la velocidad de sedimentación globular e hiperproteinemia a expensas de un pico monoclonal de IgM. Posteriormente, mediante la biopsia de médula ósea y el estudio genético, se llega al diagnóstico de macroglobulinemia de Waldenström. La macroglobulinemia de Waldenström es una patología linfoproliferativa de escasa frecuencia cuya principal manifestación es a través del síndrome de hiperviscosidad. Este puede producir signos oftalmológicos detectables mediante funduscopia y pruebas de imagen. El estudio multimodal es útil en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la afectación retiniana. La incorporación de la angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica permite un estudio más preciso de los trastornos microvasculares que se pueden presentar a nivel del polo posterior


A 66 year-old patient, monitored for diabetic retinopathy refractory to multiple treatment methods despite a good metabolic control, referred to progressive weight loss. For this reason, a systemic study was performed, detecting anaemia, elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hyperproteinaemia due to elevated serum levels of monoclonal IgM. Subsequently, by performing a bone marrow biopsy and genetic study, the diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia was made. Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia is a low frequency lymphoproliferative disease, for which the main manifestation is a hyperviscosity syndrome that can produce ophthalmological signs detectable by funduscopy and imaging tests. A multimodal study is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal involvement. The incorporation of angiography by optical coherence tomography allows a more precise study of the microvascular disorders that may occur at the posterior pole level


Assuntos
Idoso , Retinopatia Diabética/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/classificação , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Pacientes/classificação , Doenças Hematológicas/sangue , Doenças Hematológicas/classificação , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Epitélio/diagnóstico por imagem , Epitélio/patologia
10.
Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging ; 2019: 303-306, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32461782

RESUMO

Paraseptal emphysema (PSE) is a relatively unexplored emphysema subtype that is usually asymptomatic, but recently associated with interstitial lung abnormalities which are related with clinical outcomes, including mortality. Previous local-based methods for emphysema subtype quantification do not properly characterize PSE. This is in part for their inability to properly capture the global aspect of the disease, as some the PSE lesions can involved large regions along the chest wall. It is our assumption, that path-based approaches are not well-suited to identify this subtype and segmentation is a better paradigm. In this work we propose and introduce the Slice-Recovery network (SR-Net) that leverages 3D contextual information for 2D segmentation of PSE lesions in CT images. For that purpose, a novel convolutional network architecture is presented, which follows an encoding-decoding path that processes a 3D volume to generate a 2D segmentation map. The dataset used for training and testing the method comprised 664 images, coming from 111 CT scans. The results demonstrate the benefit of the proposed approach which incorporate 3D context information to the network and the ability of the proposed method to identify and segment PSE lesions with different sizes even in the presence of other emphysema subtypes in an advanced stage.

11.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 94(2): 85-89, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30318175

RESUMO

A 66 year-old patient, monitored for diabetic retinopathy refractory to multiple treatment methods despite a good metabolic control, referred to progressive weight loss. For this reason, a systemic study was performed, detecting anaemia, elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hyperproteinaemia due to elevated serum levels of monoclonal IgM. Subsequently, by performing a bone marrow biopsy and genetic study, the diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia was made. Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia is a low frequency lymphoproliferative disease, for which the main manifestation is a hyperviscosity syndrome that can produce ophthalmological signs detectable by funduscopy and imaging tests. A multimodal study is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal involvement. The incorporation of angiography by optical coherence tomography allows a more precise study of the microvascular disorders that may occur at the posterior pole level.


Assuntos
Neovascularização Retiniana/etiologia , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/complicações , Idoso , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/complicações , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Oftalmoscopia , Paraproteínas/análise , Ranibizumab/uso terapêutico , Neovascularização Retiniana/diagnóstico , Neovascularização Retiniana/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Retiniana/patologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica
15.
Cir. pediátr ; 28(4): 177-183, oct. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156459

RESUMO

Objetivos. Existen múltiples modalidades de tratamiento antibioterápico tras una apendicectomía en niños. Nuestro objetivo es desarrollar un nuevo protocolo para el tratamiento de las apendicitis que permita acortar la estancia hospitalaria sin aumentar las complicaciones. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo que analiza a los pacientes intervenidos de apendicitis tratados según el nuevo protocolo de antibioterapia durante un periodo de 7 meses. Dicho protocolo consiste en profilaxis quirúrgica en todos los casos y continuar con triple antibioterapia en las evolucionadas, con una duración variable según criterios clínico-analíticos establecidos previamente. Se comparan los resultados con los de un grupo histórico de pacientes tratados con el protocolo clásico (profilaxis y 48 horas de doble antibioterapia en las flemonosas y 5 días de triple en las evolucionadas). Resultados. Se estudian un total de 196 pacientes (96 grupo actual y 100 grupo histórico). En las apendicitis flemonosas la estancia hospitalaria postquirúrgica media es significativamente menor en el grupo actual sin encontrar diferencias estadísticas en la tasa de complicaciones. El 52,9% de las apendicitis evolucionadas del grupo actual fueron dadas de alta antes del 5º día sin aumentar la tasa de complicaciones. De los pacientes que presentaron una complicación infecciosa el 52% asociaban trombocitosis y la clínica más frecuente fue de vómitos prolongados. Conclusiones. No es necesario tratamiento antibioterápico postoperatorio en apendicitis simples. En las evolucionadas un tratamiento corto de antibióticos según criterios clínico-analíticos permite un alta precoz sin mayor morbilidad asociada. Los vómitos prolongados y la trombocitosis son indicadores de complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias


Background. Multiple approaches to the treatment of simple and complicated (gangrenous or perforated) appendicitis in children have been promoted. Our goal is to develop a new protocol for these patients that allow shorter hospital stays without increasing complications rates Methods. Prospective collected data of patients undergoing appendicitis treated according to the new protocol for a period of 7 months were reviewed. This protocol consists on antibiotic prophylaxis in all cases continued with triple antibiotic regimen in complicated appendicitis. Antibiotics were stopped when specific clinical and laboratory criteria were met. Outcomes are compared to a historical group of patients treated under standard protocol (antibiotic prophylaxis followed by 48 hours of dual antibiotic therapy in simple appendicitis or 5 day-course of triple antibiotic therapy in complicated as postooperative antibiotic regimen). Results. A total of 196 patients (96 current groups and 100 historical group) were reviewed. In simple appendicitis average length of postoperative hospitalization was significantly lower in the current group (no statistical difference). 52.9% of complicated appendicitis in the current group were discharged home before 5th day without increasing the complication rate. When a wound infection or intraabdominal abscess occurs thrombocytosis (52%) and prolonged vomiting are the most frequent symptoms Conclusion. No further postoperative treatment is needed in simple appendicitis. In complicated appendictis a short course of antibiotics according to clinical and laboratory criteria allows early discharge without major morbidity. Prolonged postoperative vomiting and thrombocytosis suggest infectious complications


Assuntos
Humanos , Apendicectomia/métodos , Apendicite/cirurgia , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos Clínicos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos
16.
Cir Pediatr ; 28(4): 177-183, 2015 Oct 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27775294

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple approaches to the treatment of simple and complicated (gangrenous or perforated) appendicitis in children have been promoted. Our goal is to develop a new protocol for these patients that allows shorter hospital stays without increasing complications rates. METHODS: Prospective collected data of patients undergoing appendicitis treated according to the new protocol for a period of 7 months were reviewed. This protocol consists on antibiotic prophylaxis in all cases continued with triple antibiotic regimen in complicated appendicitis. Antibiotics were stopped when specific clinical and laboratory criteria were met. Outcomes are compared to a historical group of patients treated under standard protocol (antibiotic prophylaxis followed by 48 hours of dual antibiotic therapy in simple appendicitis or 5 day-course of triple antibiotic therapy in complicated as postooperative antibiotic regimen). RESULTS: A total of 196 patients (96 current group and 100 historical group) were reviewed. In simple appendicitis average length of postoperative hospitalization was significantly lower in the current group (no statistical difference). 52.9% of complicated appendicitis in the current group were discharged home before 5th day without increasing the complication rate. When a wound infection or intraabdominal abscess occurs thrombocytosis (52%) and prolonged vomiting are the most frequent symptoms. CONCLUSION: No further postoperative treatment is needed in simple appendicitis. In complicated appendictis a short course of antibiotics according to clinical and laboratory criteria allows early discharge without major morbidity. Prolonged postoperative vomiting and thrombocytosis suggest infectious complications.


OBJETIVOS: Existen múltiples modalidades de tratamiento antibioterápico tras una apendicectomía en niños. Nuestro objetivo es desarrollar un nuevo protocolo para el tratamiento de las apendicitis que permita acortar la estancia hospitalaria sin aumentar las complicaciones. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio prospectivo que analiza a los pacientes intervenidos de apendicitis tratados según el nuevo protocolo de antibioterapia durante un periodo de 7 meses. Dicho protocolo consiste en profilaxis quirúrgica en todos los casos y continuar con triple antibioterapia en las evolucionadas, con una duración variable según criterios clínico-analíticos establecidos previamente. Se comparan los resultados con los de un grupo histórico de pacientes tratados con el protocolo clásico (profilaxis y 48 horas de doble antibioterapia en las flemonosas y 5 días de triple en las evolucionadas). RESULTADOS: Se estudian un total de 196 pacientes (96 grupo actual y 100 grupo histórico). En las apendicitis flemonosas la estancia hospitalaria postquirúrgica media es significativamente menor en el grupo actual sin encontrar diferencias estadísticas en la tasa de complicaciones. El 52,9% de las apendicitis evolucionadas del grupo actual fueron dadas de alta antes del 5º día sin aumentar la tasa de complicaciones. De los pacientes que presentaron una complicación infecciosa el 52% asociaban trombocitosis y la clínica más frecuente fue de vómitos prolongados. CONCLUSIONES: No es necesario tratamiento antibioterápico postoperatorio en apendicitis simples. En las evolucionadas un tratamiento corto de antibióticos según criterios clínico-analíticos permite un alta precoz sin mayor morbilidad asociada. Los vómitos prolongados y la trombocitosis son indicadores de complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias.

17.
Cir Pediatr ; 26(1): 25-9, 2013 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23833924

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is getting more and more important in our specialty. However, the formation of the residents on MIS is, in many cases, irregular. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of training in MIS among the residents of Pediatric Surgery and their potential weaknesses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed among 71 residents of Pediatric Surgery from 17 national hospitals. RESULTS: The response rate was 70.2%.100% of the residents are interested in a broadening of training activities in MIS. The main areas of interest are gastrointestinal (92%) and thoracic (47%) surgery. Only 57% have access to training facilities and less than half of them attend to courses and conferences. 80% believe that they are not given adequate attention from specialized associations. 52% think they should do rotations at referral centers, 86% that courses and seminars should be enhanced, and 44% that the responsibility of the resident in surgery should be increased. The main defects encountered in their training are scarce volume of patients, lack of financial support and overcoming the learning curve of surgeons in their services. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advance of the MIS, resident's training in this discipline still has shortcomings, as expressed in their views. Knowledge of the current state of training should be the starting point for designing a training strategy that ensures adequate skills.


Assuntos
Internato e Residência , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/educação , Pediatria/educação , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
18.
Crit Care Res Pract ; 2013: 958078, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23424681

RESUMO

Introduction. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic factor secreted by type II pneumocytes, could play a role in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) pathogenesis. Animal studies suggest that VEGF accelerates lung growth. Aim. To quantify VEGF on fetal lungs in a nitrofen rat model for CDH and to analyze the effect of tracheal occlusion (TO) in VEGF in fetal lung rats after nitrofen and in control rats not exposed to nitrofen. Methods. Pregnant rats received nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation. Fetuses were divided into 2 groups: those that underwent TO on day 20 and those that did not. On day 21, fetuses were delivered, and the lungs were dissected for subsequent VEGF quantification. Results. CDH was detected in 43% of the fetuses that received nitrofen. Fetuses with CDH showed significantly reduced lung weight/fetal weight ratio and lower VEGF levels than the remainder. A higher VEGF value was observed after TO. Conclusions. VEGF protein was significantly lower in fetuses with CDH. TO induced a significant increase in VEGF compared to the fetuses that did not undergo TO. Although not statistically significant, we observed higher VEGF levels in fetuses with CDH and TO compared to fetuses with CDH and no further intervention.

19.
Cir. pediátr ; 26(1): 25-29, ene. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113873

RESUMO

Introducción. La cirugía mínimamente invasiva (CMI) ocupa una parcela cada vez mayor de nuestra especialidad. Sin embargo, la formación de los residentes en CMI es, en muchos casos, irregular. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el estado de la formación en CMI entre los residentes de Cirugía Pediátrica y sus posibles deficiencias. Material y métodos. Se distribuyó una encuesta electrónica entre 71 residentes de Cirugía Pediátrica de 17 hospitales nacionales. Resultados. La tasa de respuesta fue 70,2%. El 100% de los residentes está interesado en que se potencien actividades formativas en CMI. Las áreas de mayor interés son cirugía digestiva (92%) y torácica (47%). Solo un 57% tiene acceso a medios de entrenamiento y menos de la mitad acuden a cursos y congresos. Un 80% cree que no se les presta adecuada atención desde las asociaciones especializadas. Un 52% cree que se deberían realizar rotaciones en centros de referencia, un 86% que se deberían potenciar cursos y seminarios, y un 44% que se debería aumentar la responsabilidad del residente en las intervenciones quirúrgicas. Los principales defectos que encuentran en su formación son el volumen escaso de pacientes, la falta de ayudas económicas y la superación de la curva de aprendizaje por los adjuntos de su servicio. Conclusiones. A pesar del avance de la CMI, la formación de los residentes en esta disciplina tiene todavía deficiencias, tal como expresan sus opiniones. El conocimiento del estado actual de la formación debería ser el punto de partida para diseñar una estrategia docente que asegure una formación adecuada (AU)


Introduction. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is getting more and more important in our specialty. However, the formation of the residents on MIS is, in many cases, irregular. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of training in MIS among the residents of Pediatric Surgery and their potential weaknesses. Material and methods. An electronic survey was distributed among 71 residents of Pediatric Surgery from 17 national hospitals. Results. The response rate was 70.2%.100% of the residents are interested in a broadening of training activities in MIS. The main areas of interest are gastrointestinal (92%) and thoracic (47%) surgery. Only 57% have access to training facilities and less than half of them attend to courses and conferences. 80% believe that they are not given adequate attention from specialized associations. 52% think they should do rotations at referral centers, 86% that courses and seminars should be enhanced, and 44% that the responsibility of the resident in surgery should be increased. The main defects encountered in their training are scarce volume of patients, lack of financial support and overcoming the learning curve of surgeons in their services. Conclusions. Despite the advance of the MIS, resident’s training in this discipline still has shortcomings, as expressed in their views. Knowledge of the current state of training should be the starting point for designing a training strategy that ensures adequate skills (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/educação , Especialização/tendências , Internato e Residência/tendências
20.
Cir. pediátr ; 25(3): 129-134, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-110134

RESUMO

La infección de herida quirúrgica (IHQ) en neonatos tiene una elevada incidencia y morbilidad, que prolonga la estancia hospitalaria y empeora el pronóstico. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la aparición de infección de herida quirúrgica para identificar pacientes susceptibles y los factores modificables sobre los que actuar.material y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles sobre una muestra de 90 intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas en recién nacidos. Se analizan factores de riesgo pre, intra y postquirúrgicos como posible causa de IHQ. Resultados. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el desarrollo de IHQ en cirugías contaminadas o sucias, reintervenciones, lavado de cavidad abdominal intraoperatorio, estancia hospitalaria prequirúrgica mayor de 8 días y cierre de la herida con sutura reabsorbible.Asimismo, encontramos una mayor tendencia a la infección en pacientes pretérminos, dependientes de ventilación mecánica, portadores de acceso venoso central y que han presentado una infección previa con cultivo positivo.No hallamos relación entre IHQ y el tiempo quirúrgico, el sangrado durante la cirugía o el antiséptico utilizado.Conclusiones. Los pacientes reintervenidos, en los que se realiza cirugía contaminada o sucia, se emplea material reabsorbible para sutura de la piel y con una estancia hospitalaria prequirúrgica mayor de 8 días son pacientes de alto riesgo para desarrollar IHQ y requerirán un especial cuidado y antibioterapia más agresiva (AU)


The incidence of surgical wound infections in neonates is high and it has an associated morbidity which extends hospital stay and gets a worse prognosis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of surgical wound infection and to identify susceptible patients with modifiable factors.material and methods. Case-control study of 90 surgical procedures underwent in newborns. We analyze pre-, intra- and postoperative risk factors.main results. There are statically significant differences in terms of wound infection in dirty and contaminated surgery, reoperation, lavage of abdominal cavity, preoperative hospital stay longer than 8 days and wound closure with reabsorbable material.Furthermore, the surgical site infection is more likely in preterms patients, with a previous positive culture infection and the use of invasive devices as mechanical ventilation or central venous access.We found no relationship between wound infection and surgical time, bleeding during surgery and preoperative skin preparation with antiseptics.Conclusions. Reoperative patients, in which dirty and contaminated surgery is performed, absorbable material for skin is used and who have a preoperative hospital stay longer than 8 days, are in risk of developping wound infection and they will require an aggressive antibiotic treatment and special postsurgical care (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Reoperação/efeitos adversos
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